Why Discovery of a Faint Galaxy By James Webb Space Telescope Is Sort of Important

how wonderful person this is Anton and not so long ago we've talked about various Galactic discoveries coming from the iconic James Webb Space Telescope discoveries made by this beautiful telescope in just a few months in early to mid 2023 but naturally as soon as I finished editing the video yet another Discovery was made of yet another somewhat exciting unusual Galaxy although I guess calling it unusual

maybe is not fair the usual typical Galaxy as typical as it gets and so in this particular video I wanted to focus on this galaxy currently referred to as jd1 that in some sense is maybe even a much more important Discovery than any of the other galaxies previously seen by the James Webb despite being super average not really anything special and more importantly even being barely

visible and so let's discuss this in a little bit more detail but first exactly how was this found and where is it located well this barely visible Galaxy is inside of this very beautiful cluster you see right here this is known as the Pandora cluster and it's a really intriguing object because it seems to be a pile up of four smaller Galactic clusters that must have

collided 350 million years ago and as a result of this Collision we get to observe a lot of gravitational interactions along with various emissions including various actress visible in red in this image and though most of the galaxies that are visible seem to represent only five percent of mass it's really the interaction of things like dark matter and a lot of really hot gas that produces

most of the gravitational effects and because of these so unusual observations and somewhat unusual effects that are produced inside of this cluster the scientists now refer to it as the Pandoras cluster the cluster that Unleashed a lot of different effects as a result of a collision but then back in 2014 when the Hubble telescope was looking in this cluster it accidentally discovered an unusual patch that

you see right here a patch that resembled something really far away but nobody really could tell exactly what this was the scientists assumed this to be a galaxy with a relatively High redshift but it was impossible until now to precisely determine what exactly it was in other words this was discovered almost 10 years ago but there was just not enough data available to do any kind

of analysis and that's of course until now until New observations with the genes of Space Telescope the telescope whose main job is to analyze galaxies like this one and so by observing this once again in infrared light and by looking at the gravitational lens image from two different perspectives the scientists were able to definitively confirm the existence of this very faint Galaxy a Galaxy that was

very likely in existence when the universe was only about 480 million years old and most importantly represents the faintest Galaxy discovered so far it's barely visible at all and the only reason we're even able to see it is because of that Pandora Galactic cluster that Amplified its Luminosity by approximately 13 times but because this is James Webb he was now able to see things in in

different frequencies creating spectroscopy for this galaxy which of course means that we can determine the exact distance placing it right at the beginning of reionization period the period of the scientists believe is responsible for basically making the universe somewhat opaque to quite a lot of different light coming from the stars but since this particular Galaxy doesn't seem to be particularly exciting in any other way other

than being somewhat dim why are we even talking about this well it's that realization period which by the way is one of the main Mysteries the James Webb is trying to solve that could potentially be explained by this discovery so here's what I mean by this this galaxy has a very low Stellar Mass it also has relatively low metallicity and is about five percent as bright

as a typical modern Galaxy it's also really small at possibly about 500 light years in size this image also shows us that it contains at least three separate star clusters where quite a lot of activities being generated through the production of news stars and normally this galaxy would be completely invisible to us except that it found itself in just the right orientation and passed in just

the right way in front of us in order to be magnified just enough for the light to be visible by The Game's web if it wasn't for the gradational lens it would also be invisible to us even now even to the James Webb Space Telescope so this discovery was basically completely accidental but the scientists behind this paper and actually a lot of scientists studying Gene swap

images and a lot of other images currently very strongly believe that this represents most of the galaxies that must have existed during this period of time and more importantly must have been responsible for reionizing the entire universe or essentially changing the universe from being somewhat opaque where the hydrogen gas doesn't allow a lot of powerful light to go through to changing hydrogen into ionized hydrogen suddenly

making the universe transparent to all of the light and it was the presence of this hydrogen previously that sort of prevents answers from seeing quite a lot of things in the early universe or just to rephrase this this somewhat modest looking Galaxy is most likely a typical representative of most galaxies that used to exist back in the days whereas a lot of these other galaxies were

discussed previously the ones discovered by James Webb previously and the ones that generated a lot of Buzz are actually the exception to the rule these particular galaxies are very likely much brighter much more massive and also much more rare compared to what we expect to find in that particular period of time making these exceptions to the rule and this a typical representative of the reionization period

these galaxies were most likely all over the place they were also reionizing hydrogen across the entire universe but because of that neutral hydrogen and because of their overall dimness they're practically impossible to discover unless they're in just the right position in front of a very powerful gravitational lens that can then magnify their brightness and since one of the major goals of astronomy and specifically the gene

swab itself is to actually determine the types of galaxies responsible for realization in some sense this galaxy might have just solved that mystery once and for all whereas all of these other galaxies were discussed in the previous video are examples of very bright very powerful and somewhat rare galaxies that are most likely not the average typical Galaxy during this time in some sense this will be

very similar to like m87 or Massey 87 that's one of the more massive brighter galaxies in the vicinity of the Milky Way compared to a lot of smaller less prominent galaxies located in every city so this is just a really bright really powerful example that does not represent the norm which also means that these galaxies were probably not responsible for most of the realization that was

all of this once and for all with this galaxy also serving as a reminder that there's always that observational bias that we have to deal with when trying to explain a lot of mysteries of well really everything in science and so here this galaxy possibly proves that most of the galaxies back in the days were exactly as the scientists always expected them to be small containing

a lot of active regions like the three regions you see right here and producing a lot of powerful Stars which then led to all of the gas around those galaxies changing into ionized hydrogen so definitely a pretty cool Discovery and a pretty cool analysis but obviously just the first step in once and for all figuring out what happened in the early Universe a few hundred million

years after the big bang which also means that we're going to be coming back and talking more about this in some of the future videos but if you'd like to learn more about other Galactic discoveries check about the previous video that should be somewhere in the description as well on that note thank you for watching subscribe share this with someone to love the rainbow space and

Sciences come back tomorrow to learn something else and maybe support this channel on patreon by Julian Channel membership or by buying a wonderful presentation you can find in the description stay wonderful see you tomorrow and as always bye [Music] [Music] thank you thank you foreign