Studies On Planetary Nebulae Make Interesting Discoveries

whole number four percent this is Anton and today we're going to be discussing some of the new discoveries and sounding new research in regards to what you see right here flight entry nebula would the main focus been on the planetary nebula that's the closest and probably is the most well known the one that you see right here from a slightly different angle and the negle presented

by Hubble in this way the iconic Helix sometimes also referred to as the eye of God or even eye of Sauron not to be confused with the arena that actually looks so much similar but is actually an entirely different object and so in this video we're going to discuss some of the new observations from this nebula with the main purpose being figuring out exactly what happens

from now with a slightly different paper that you can also find in the description below also answering another important question why do all of the planetary nebula looks so unique and so different from one another despite pretty much all of them having very similar origin and so let's try to answer some of these questions and talk about some of these discoveries but first a very important

announcement despite the name a very bad name planetary nebula have nothing to do with planets they're only called that because back in the days in the early 1700s really astronomers believed that from a distance they kind of resemble tiny planets but were also kind of Cloudy so they call them planetary nebula but once the telescopes became powerful enough we realized that this is not the case

they are a nebula but they are actually come from stars and not just any stars stars that are very similar to our sun and so our sun is also going to become one of these sometime in the future and you will generally have a relatively similar structure a Board of gas that was released over time with a very bright Center that you see right here this

is a white dwarf here's one from The Ring Aguila although here it's not as easily visible with each of these nebula containing one somewhere in the center which is exactly why they're able to produce the colors you see these white dwarfs especially if they're very young and very hot produce so much energy that they actually turn the gas around them fluorescence making it Glow in different

colors depending on the shape created around the star so these are basically massive fluorescent bulbs with most of them lasting for just over 10 000 years and then disappearing into nothingness for example Helix nebula is believed to be about 11 000 years in other words it actually existed for just as long as modern Humanity the Modern Age began approximately 12 000 years ago after the elastication

period although these events are unlikely to be related at all but despite this object being relatively close to us at 655 light years it's extremely likely that any of this was visible to ancient humans mostly because these are processed images and in reality these nebulae are very dim here's for example one of the optical images taken by a relatively powerful telescope and so you only start

seeing these other features if you look at this in other frequencies of light that our own eyes are not particularly sensitive to and so officially the snap bill was only discovered by this wonderful person sometime around 1824 and ever since then we've discovered quite a lot of them pretty much everywhere as a matter of fact even recently a lot of amateurs Charmers discovered a bunch of

these right here in the Milky Way by looking at certain frequencies using oxygen filter and so if you want to make your own astronomical Discovery searching for planetary nebula is a pretty good way to start lots and lots of them have not been found yet but when it comes to Helix nebula which is the closest to us because of the distance it's also the one that's

sort of studied the most and also seen in a lot of different frequencies of light in order to discover what's actually happening here and one of the reasons it sort of resembles ni is because of thousands of these unusual formations known as commentary knots they're mostly visible if you zoom into the nebula and look at the edges and are basically a result of various density irregularities

and the phenomenon known as really tailor instability the phenomenon that usually produces these observations in various gases and various liquids quite a lot of plantar nebula seem to possess them and in many cases they form beautiful structures around the nebula itself but in reality even though we kind of see these features and understand how a lot of these forms there are still a lot of things

we really don't understand about this nebula or even their evolution for example we still have no idea what happens to planets once these Stars reach this point or if any of these planets can even survive being shredded by a massive star likewise we don't really understand why these nebula generally looks so different there are of course some explanation is to how exactly they form and how

various features are formed in this nebula but when it comes to predicting various shapes versus what we observe there is quite a lot of discrepancy for example even though the scientists expect quite a lot of inability to possess these Rings or basically be circular in shape in reality not many do and instead many seem to possess quite a complicated issue that would be very difficult to

explain without further analysis and so in these two recent papers the scientists tried to answer some of these questions first the question of planets what exactly happens to them and is there any way for us to find out the eventual fate and to get better answers and better observations from Helix nebula the scientists behind the paper you can find in the description use several different frequencies

from several different telescopes in order to actually find out what's happening right in the middle right where the white dwarf is for example the used observations from Sofia one of the most iconic NASA telescopes that was actually retired not so long ago and very similar to other wide world of scientists observed over the years the one in this particular system shows a lot of hints of

some kind of an accretion disk that's very likely being shredded by the white dwarf's gravity and is slowly being deposited on the surface in this particular case in Helix nebula it's visible as an excess infrared emissions or basically way more infrared light than what's expected from a typical white dwarf and normally there are three explanations for why this is happening for example it could be from

some kind of a cosmic dust leftover from various planetesimos or asteroid-like objects that are now colliding together and producing all of this extra heat in this case though when observing this in certain frequencies the scientists did not find any Cosmic dust that would be indicative of these collusions or of these asteroid pieces so it's unlikely to be little asteroids it could also be a result of

certain Gases such as carbon monoxide or silicon monoxide which could be visible in certain telescopes these gases have not been discovered either or it can also be a leftovers dust and various ices from huge planets that used to exist here destroyed during planetary enabler formation there are now slowly making their way back to the inner region so basically various planetary remnants returning as large pieces even

commentary pieces and then interacting with a white dwarf and with other remnants nearby and based on the observations from Alma Spitzer telescope Herschel space Observatory and Sofia all the data points at that being the best explanation the excess Heat or the excess infrared light seems to be the result of the interaction with lots of different planetary pieces that were most likely created thousands of years ago

with several thousand different commentary objects entering the inner region every single year which in essence I guess answers one of the questions we had about the solar system there's a very high chance that this is something that's going to happen to various planets right here in the solar system as well they might become come shredded apart into larger chunks and eventually make their way back to

the inner star system and either get deposited on the ancient Sun as the white dwarf or might even create some kind of a new structure around the white dwarf including new planets from all of these Remnant materials and we actually discussed one of these recent discoveries of such a planet in one of the videos in the description but that's of course just one Discovery from one

planetary nebula this would now have to be applied to other planetary nebula in order to find out if this is something really common or something that only happens once or twice but what about their shape why did they all look so different well that's where that other study comes in or essentially the scientists decided to answer this by using some of the most advanced computer simulations

essentially analyzing what happens to various material around these ancient Stars especially if they possess some kind of a partner or if the white dwarf starts producing certain emissions and in the end they were able to answer quite a lot of these questions and even simulate certain nebulance that we know already exist for example because so many stars are usually binary this usually determines the initial shape

of the Spiral with the orbital period determining what the spiral might look like and how it's going to evolve over time but in some cases the amount of expansion and the thermal effects can even erase certain spirals creating something different in the process and it is also a very important effect from the Jets but the Jets usually diluting the material even further and creating additional features

as a matter of fact it turns out the Jazz can completely erase everything they're powerful enough that they can completely erase the spiral and even remove the ring structures but the power of these Jets will really be different from wide Worth to white dwarf but in the end it's really the combination of various effects or basically the combination of Partners effects overall thermal expansion and the

Jets produced as a result of the formation of the white dwarf that then ends up producing a completely unique picture somewhere out there but I guess more importantly some of these simulations did actually create something that resembles objects in real life in this case Cat's Eye Nebula and so in that sense these simulations from the study seem to actually have answered a lot of the questions

we've had about formation of nebula implying that for the most part they will obviously start the scene but with very different initial conditions some will have powerful Jets some will have a massive partner or between nearby and others might actually expand much faster with a lot more ferocity which in the end results in slightly different shapes but in some cases especially in the case of a

Ring Nebula versus Helix nebula the result is relatively similar so they must have started with very similar conditions although even now we actually still have no idea what our sun is going to look like in the next few billions of years and so once another study comes out that's actually able to simulate what might happen to our sun and what the solar system might look like

I'm definitely going to follow this up with a next video because I'm actually sort of curious if anyone could one day simulate this discovering the future of the solar system but at least for nowadays are definitely exciting discoveries exciting new observations from the Helix nebula and from other planetary nebula and even more answers about these unusual objects check out similar videos in the description below thank

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