Not a Star, Nor a Planet...Strange Object Hotter Than The Sun (8000K)

how wonderful person this is Anton and today we're going to be discussing in discovery of a very strange object basically the hardest object that's not a star an object whose temperature is so extreme that it's literally hotter than our own Sun but an object that's not a star at all and it's actually kind of closer to being a planet and so in this case let's discuss

a little bit more about what exactly the scientists have recently discovered and talk about how this object was formed and what exactly this means for astronomy in general but first so what exactly is this and where is it located it's approximately 1400 light years away from planet Earth and it's actually a someone typical binary system a system containing two objects orbiting around one another but unlike

a typical binary system with two stars dancing around a central point here the central star is a wide dwarf the end result of stars like our sun that after billions of years of existence expel their commercial leaving behind nothing but the star score and that core is the white dwarf that occasionally has different objects in its orbit and in this case this object does seem to

have something in its orbit something that's almost a star in terms of mass an object with a mass of 75 to possibly 88 masses of Jupiter but also an object that orbits very very close to the white dwarf now normally this would qualify as a brown dwarf but at these masses it's actually right at the limit where it should technically become a red dwarf or basically

a star yet it doesn't seem to be one but it's really the other properties specifically temperature that seem to make no sense although here let's briefly talk about the I guess previous record holder so a few years ago by studying various exoplanets out there and by looking at their passage in front of various Stars the scientists identified an extreme star system known as celt9 here the

planet kelp 9B was orbiting so close to the star that it basically became the hottest planet ever discovered the planet whose temperature on the surface was over 4000 degrees Celsius or approximately 4 600 Kelvin but all of this was a result of a close orbit to the star and the star itself being relatively hot as well but for nearly 8 years now this was the record

holder and it definitely taught the scientists so much about these extreme objects for example because of these extreme temperatures quite a lot of material here basically these two seeds turn into Atomic elements with a lot of these chemical elements eventually going through so many different changes that we didn't know existed until observations from a few years ago you can find one of the older videos somewhere

in the description that goes to these recent discoveries but with a temperature of 4600 Kelvin the sizes for many years believe that this is maybe as hot as it gets when it comes to extreme planets and extreme atmospheres anything harder than that would be almost impossible but not everyone believed so and some scientists assume that we can maybe find something even harder around objects that are

a little bit more extreme and a little bit more unusual specifically very young white dwarfs with extreme temperatures on their surface now a typical white dwarf actually starts really hot after it becomes a white Wharf here we're talking about tens of thousands of degrees Kelvin and over time they do lose quite a lot of this temperature because there's basically nothing providing any more energy within them

but that cooling process takes billions of years and will actually take trillions of years for these objects to cool down enough to barely produce any light and so in order to study even more extreme environments the scientists behind the study wanted to find something similar around a typical wide dwarf they basically wanted to find various gas giants or maybe even Brown dwarfs inside some kind of

a wide dwarf system and because wide worlds are also much much smaller than typical blue super Giants it would be much easier to see any companion especially the one that's heated orbiting around these objects and the point here was to find some kind of a brown dwarf or some kind of a jupiter-like object that would be close enough to the white dwarf to be dramatically heated

by its emissions although normally when we talk about Brown Wars we basically refer to objects that are at least 13 masses of Jupiter objects that Acquire just enough Mass to no longer be planets and to start possessing new properties including certain types of fusion inside their core but not hydrogen Fusion so basically they're not Stars yet they do fuse deuterium and sometimes lithium so they can

actually produce their own heat and thus increase in temperature with mass although some of the most extreme groundworks discovered so far have actually never been above 18 Jupiter masses at 80 Jupiter masses the average temperature on the surface would be about 2500 Kelvin so not as hot as a typical Red Dwarf but much much harder than anything else one of the videos in the description talks

about some of the more unusual discoveries in regards to bronzers in the last few years but what happens if you put a very had brown dwarf next to an extremely hot white dwarf and that was basically the question the scientists behind this study were trying to answer and turns out that what happens is an irradiated Jupiter analog hotter than the Sun an object so extreme that

its temperature is thousands of degrees hotter than most stars in the entire galaxy and that's of course something that nobody expected and so even though this particular white dwarf is not actually that extreme it's only about 40 percent the solar mass and its temperature is around 36 000 Kelvin there are definitely hotter wide works out there because of the proximity to the brown dwarf would the

orbit only taking about two and a half hours the residual heat coming from the wild dwarf creates so much energy that it basically turns this unusual brown dwarf into something that's most likely blue or white in color with the average temperature on the surface exceeding 8 000 Kelvin at least on the so-called day side because the subject is most likely tidally locked to the why dwarf

it seems to always point with the same surface toward the white dwarf and thus has one side that's much harder than the other side just as a reminder the temperature on the sun is about 5700 Kelvin and so here the temperature is so hot that most of the atmospheric molecules very likely don't just become atoms they become ions and produce other unexpected effects that we've never

really observed or even imagined happening anywhere out there and so here by observing this particular star system using European Southern Observatory is very large telescope and specifically the instrument specializing in ultraviolet radiation the scientists were able to observe huge amounts of hydrogen that seem to be coming off from the day side of the spectacular brown dwarf but the temperatures observed here were anywhere from 7000 to

that it's actually brighter than a lot of a-type stars but all of this was very likely the result of extreme heat coming from the white dwarf and because of the overall proximity at these distances any object would actually have temperatures of over 5000 Kelvin because of the emissions from this white dwarf and specifically the ultraviolet emissions coming from its surface it actually seems to receive thousands

of times more ultraviolet radiation than the previous record holder celt 9B which definitely makes this brown dwarf these strangest brown dwarf error it's obviously not even a brown dwarf anymore and instead might represent a completely new object not only is its color no longer brown but more likely blue or even white even its mass is way above what we expect from a typical brown dwarf so

it's not even clear what sort of fusion it has on the inside or if it technically can qualify as a red dwarf but in this case because it's so close to the white dwarf it's also stretched quite a lot and so in reality it's probably unlikely to have any kind of fusion because of various disturbances from its smaller but more massive partner and so in this

case this is just a really extreme example of a somewhat strange unexplainable object I mean we actually understand why it's so hot and what's Happening Here we just don't really have a good name for it but because the scientists now know exactly what to look for chances are they might find something that's even more hot if they can find an even younger white dwarf would get

another roundworth orbiting very very close although in this case I guess the bigger question is how exactly did the star system form or to be more exact how exactly did this brown dwarf make it so close to the wydorf assuming current orbit since this used to be a much larger star it should have actually swallowed or destroyed any object in the vicinity of its orbit moreover

it will be interesting to find out if the white dwarfism also stewing some of the mess from his partner and might one day produce what's known as a Nova a thermonuclear explosion which she is usually a result of huge amounts of hydrogen and helium depositing on the surface of a white dwarf it's not going to go supernova because it just doesn't have enough Mass but other

types of explosion would be possible here and if that does happen it might even disrupt the brown dwarf potentially creating something else in the process but these are not the questions we can answer just yet because once again this is a relatively recent discovery and this is the first time such object was discovered anywhere but chances are the scientists might find more in the next few

years once they find something even more extreme we'll come back and talk more about this in some new feature videos until then check out all the links in the description below thank you for watching subscribe share this with someone who has learned about space and Sciences come back tomorrow to learn something else and maybe support this channel on patreon by junior membership or by buying a

wonderful percentage you can find in the description stay wonderful I'll see you tomorrow and as always bye [Music] thank you [Music] foreign