Major Gravitational Waves Announcement Coming Soon! Here's What We Know

but now we might get some other news potentially ground breaking news coming from a slightly different gravitational detector that we've discussed previously and we're going to be discussing today as well hello wonderful person this is Anton I'm actually making this a few days before this announcement and so chances are the announcement has already been made and there might be a follow-up video in the description explaining

exactly what was discovered but today I wanted to discuss a few more things about gravitation weaves but you need to understand before the announcement is made and also obviously discuss why all of this is important although in this case I guess it's important to start with the basics we know that pretty much most of the events involving massive bodies in the universe will produce some kind

of a gravitational wave be it a collision between neutron stars a collision or an orbit of two massive black holes or really anything orbiting anything will produce these waves while it doesn't even have to be orbiting it can be just spinning by itself or possibly interacting with something really massive nearby disturbing the time space enough that it essentially sends out a kind of a shock wave

or literally a space-time disturbance and so according to Modern research we're technically surrounded by a kind of a vibration or I guess a kind of a diverse type of noise coming from all sorts of different objects all sorts of events producing all sorts of frequencies that should be detectable if we look for it using the right methods so in some sense Earth is kind of like

a buoy on top of the ocean surface moving up and down left and right depending on the waves that pass through it or the once again most of these waves are minuscule in size and will only affect something on the atomic scale not really something that we can actually witness with our eyes but the lasers at the ligo and a lot of other gravitational wave facilities

can definitely detect it if the event is of the right frequency although in this case it only looks for collagens producing a frequency that's somewhat similar to what our ear can hear so if you look at this graph this would be a frequency in hundreds or thousands of Hertz but anything above that so in millions of Hertz or anything below that Intense or even decimal points

currently would be impossible to detect for Weigel or any similar laser Beast facility although there is obviously a laser Beast facility that's been planned for 2037 known as Lisa that if successful is going to be actually in space and will be able to detect much lower frequencies but that's something that's in relatively far future and it's a facility that's still in very early planning but if

you look at this graph you'll notice that there is actually another frequency or another type of gradational wave background the potentially could be detected by something else so what exactly is EPT and ipt well technically that's what the news is going to be about and that's what the scientific team Behind These studies is going to be talking about on June 29th of 2023 but it is

something we've discussed previously and some of the discoveries have already been made previously and so I wanted to actually clarify exactly what this is how this works and even maybe speculate about what's going to be announced in a couple of days first of all here we're talking about frequencies in tens to maybe hundreds of micro hertz compared to a detector like ligo and these types of

weaves are expected to be produced by for example supermassive black holes or very very massive very slow moving objects even potential interactions between massive galaxies or massive objects such as chunks of Dark Matter within those galaxies but the most likely candidate has always been supermassive black holes orbiting around one another but the obvious question is how exactly would the scientists be able to detect any of

this using modern technology well this is where it gets really tricky but also very very interesting for example nanograph or North American nanohertz Observatory for gravitational waves the one that's going to be making the announcement in a few days rely on very similar techniques to ipt and EPT or International poster timing array and European Pulsar timing array and all this of course relies on pulsars so-called

Cosmic lighthouses neutron stars that produce extremely predictable pulsations of light in a lot of different frequencies but very often radio frequencies and a couple of decades ago several scientists realized that by actually timing the pulsations around various neutron stars it can become possible to determine if there's any disturbance between them or just to rephrase this if we take a look at different pulsers out there in

various locations around the Milky Way and if we measure our precise pulsations of each of those neutron stars looking at various shifts and differences over time it can then become possible to see if space time between them shifts in any way it becomes possible to see much larger gravitational waves with wavelengths in thousands of light years and all of this is only possible because pulsations from

a typical Pulsar are ridiculously accurate they're even more accurate than the atomic clocks and some scientists have proposed to use them in space navigation and so if we look at several posters and suddenly detect an unusual interference that seems to affect not just one but some of them this would only imply one thing an extremely powerful event must have shifted the space time between them because

there's no other way to affect pulsers there are thousands of light years apart from one another and produce similar observations or similar anomalies and so even though one Pulsar might have some kind of a glitch and suddenly change by just a little bit for a fraction of a second if you suddenly observe these glitches happening around 2 three or maybe even 5 posers located in various

parts of the Galaxy it then becomes a pretty intriguing Discovery potentially worth investigating and since we also know the three-dimensional position of each of these pulsers it even becomes possible to trace where all of this must have come from and because of the advances in radio telescopes a lot of this has become way more accurate and way easier than it used to be just a decade

ago but this particular study has been going on for quite a while the first theater release happened in 2016 providing some initial discoveries that though interesting were not really that accurate just yet second release happened in 2019 and did discover something that is still not really understood very well there's actually a potential discovery of what's known as red noise which appears as a kind of a

gradational wave background but in reality could be just a noise coming from within the neutron stars themselves a result of various shifts and various interaction that the neutron star goes through over time and so as of 2019 no major discoveries were made in regards to supermassive black hole collisions or any kind of major gravitational wave noise expected from interaction of really massive objects and so now

four years later we get another announcement and this one seems to be hyped up potentially suggesting that something was discovered after all something that could potentially Advance gravitational wave research even more but I guess the main question is what so at the moment the biggest candidate would be supermassive black holes potentially on a collision course or in a tight orbit around one another but chances are

that it's not actually going to be that and I'm saying this because of the recent study that was released just a couple of weeks ago doing a thorough analysis on our capabilities in terms of detecting these objects using pulse or timing arrays here's actually what all of these posters might look like in a nice case and as you can see there are not that many of

them in this case there are only 45 that are used for this particular study and so this recent analysis based on previous observations almost definitively determined that it's unlikely we're going to see any nearby supermassive black hole merger within about 300 million light years away from the solar system including the potential candidates such as the Galaxy 3c66b that you see right here in other words according

to the study it's unlikely to be supermassive black holes and more importantly these particular objects seem to be kind of rare and might potentially not exist within 300 million light years away from the Milky Way okay so if not massive black holes then what hopefully something even more exciting something that the scientists have been trying to find for a much longer time the legendary gravitational wave

background in essence gravitational waves produced by something that must have happened billions of years ago and possibly even very very close to the Big Bang something that's technically the ultimate goal of gradational with astronomy and here just to understand how important this is let's just go through a super quick reminder of what exactly these various types of background radiation are the most iconic is of course

CMV the cosmic microwave background that basically began when the early Universe plasma disappeared allowing atoms to form and CNB as you might already know shows us the earliest light in the entire universe but that's earliest electromagnetic light but not the earliest information from the universe that could be detected in other ways although before we continue super quick announcement the first ever seen me was actually discovered

by the horn antenna you see right here this is technically a National Historic Landmark located in Holmdel New Jersey and very recently one of you wonderful people reached out asking me for a little bit of help turns out someone bought the land where this antenna is located and wants to basically destroy everything build in a bunch of condos yeah that's that's not cool that's actually really

not cool and so there's an unwind petition going on right now trying to preserve this very important piece of history and trying to maintain this as a National Historic Landmark so maybe click on the link in the description to sign this especially if you live in New Jersey or if you're American anyway I'll probably be talking more about this in some of the future videos but

yeah hopefully they don't destroy this because that's like super uncool anyway so Cosmic microwave background shows us the information in electromagnetic light but before Cosmic microwave background for the first 378 000 years down to a fraction of a second there were actually primordial gravitation waves that must have existed because of the interaction of matter and possibly even due to what's known as inflation with this gradational

wave background reflecting some of the first activity in the entire universe allowing us to finally see some of the first seconds right after the big bang or in other words making this one of the more important probes of the early universe that can definitely provide us with a lot of different evidence and potentially explain what actually has happens but at the moment there is really no

way to detect this using detectors on Earth but it is definitely possible with the pulse or timing array especially as more and more pulsers are added to this particular system and as our observation of their positions becomes more accurate because of advances in radio astronomy with the main goal of course being the understanding of the universe and the evolution of the universe in the first few

thousands of years after the big bang and so chances are maybe this is actually what's been announced in a couple of days but even this is maybe a bit of a long shot because this would require so many observations over such a long period of time as I mentioned this is technically the ultimate goal and so maybe it is something that's a little bit less ambitious

for example signals from some kind of a nearby wide dwarf binary or maybe the detection of some other waves we cannot even explain at all whatever it is I'm kind of super excited mostly because gravitational waves are some of the most fascinating phenomena in the entire universe but in the next few days we're going to find out if its primordial gravitational waves unexpected detection of waste

from supermassive black holes or something even more mysterious that nobody expects so come back in a few days to find out what it is but overall we're definitely entering a completely new era for gravitational wave research and we're definitely going to be hearing about so many more discoveries in the next few years there are even new propositions of how to measure gravitational Waves by for example

using objects around planet Earth for example by observing fluctuations of plasma in the vanilla's ballots it can actually become possible to detect gravitational waves as well with the alternative proposition using the position of the moon and the super precise distance to the Moon away from planet Earth by using precise laser-based detections we can then start attacking waves with a wavelength of approximately 300 000 kilometers or

basically the frequency of 1 Hertz but at least for now these are just ideas and nobody has tried this yet all the chances are in the next 10 years someone might and until those future discoveries and until that future announcement check out some of the relevant links in the description below what previous discoveries and some mysteries of gravitational waves including something that might involve Concepts that

you might have never heard of before on that note thank you for watching subscribe share this with someone who was running for space and Sciences come back tomorrow to learn something else and maybe support the show on patreon by you and channel membership or by buying a wonderful person t-shirt you can find in the description stay wonderful I'll see you tomorrow and as always bye [Music]

thank you [Music] foreign