James Webb Finds a Lot of Strange Stuff Inside Planetary Disks

and how they evolve in reality there are many things we still don't understand and many things that are still very surprising and because all of these disks then evolve into various star systems understanding how they evolve is important in order to understand how various planets form as well although generally they've always been seen as this these pancake-like formations that interact with the star and interact with

matter around them in order to at some point start producing planets which then end up sculpting the rest of the disk and the rest of the star system although the actual Evolution and the actual sculpting is always different and so far no disc has been alike all of them seem to have something a new draw something unique and sometimes even something we cannot explain and one

of the main goals of trying to understand the revolution is to basically understand how certain disks evolve terrestrial planets or potentially even earthwork planets how exactly did Earth form but in order to start answering these questions we first have to start looking around at examples where things are a little bit unexpected and actually one of the recent discoveries from the James web is such example and

it's from a very very famous star formal Hall one of the brightest stars out there and one of the closest such stars to us a type a star approximately 25 light years away that's technically a triple star system containing two small much farther away Partners but we're not particularly interested in these Partners just yet we are interested in the main star and mostly because it seems

to produce an excess of infrared radiation perfect for Gene's web observations but for a very long time we knew where this is coming from the excess of infrared radiation is produced by a very large planetary disk a disk that's actually pretty well known and has been observed many times before because it's also one of the closest to us in this image it sort of looks like

an eye but back in the days it was also one of the first candidates for a potential exoplanet discovered in a nearby star system a planet that you sort of see simulated right here known as homo ho B later on renamed us Diagon obviously named after the god from HP Lovecraft but even though this planet was optically observed and was even seen by Hubble Telescope as

an object you see right here in the end it turned out to be not a pirate within just a few years by 2012 the scientists have actually realized that it seems to be some kind of a expanding dust disc very likely resulting from an ancient Collision which is of course ironic because in this case the name Dagon makes a lot more sense ancient catastrophic collusion of

humongous proportions but this should not be a surprise coming from the star system here this is an extremely young star system it's believed to be anywhere between 100 to maybe 300 million years old and so the star here is still evolving and still forming planets the star itself is almost twice as massive as our sun and has a temperature of over 8 000 degrees Celsius it's

also almost double the size and is about 17 times brighter and so here the star is way more powerful and way more extreme than our sun but the recent observations from the James blob make it even more extreme this was reported in a study you can find in the description below and so here decided to discover that it seems to have an extreme debris disc with

the overall protoplanetary disc being absolutely enormous compared to other discs scientists have observed so here we have an inner disc containing a lot of carbon grains and something that's similar to Ash this is extremely close at about 0.1 astronomical units away from the Star we then have a larger disk with larger particles up to a distance of about one astronomical units we then have the outer

disk that goes all the way to 133 Au away from the center and seems to have a very strange toroidal shape and a very sharp edge with all of this also inclined by about 24 degrees sometimes the scientists refer to it as the formal hose Kuiper Belt but more strangely and recently confirmed by the James Webb are these unusual Dusty structures that seem to be extremely

complex compared to the Kuiper belt or the asteroid belt in a solar system while at the same time it also discovered the Inner Belt that's never been seen before and the Assumption here is that a lot of this was most likely formed as a result of very massive collisions by potentially really large protoplanetary bodies so kind of similar to how we expect asteroid collisions but in

this case potentially on much larger scale and involving something absolutely enormous with one of these possibly visible back in 2008 and disappearing in 2014. so this event right here was probably one of these collisions but the question then becomes where are the planets though with the other question obviously being why exactly is this so complex and so different from the solar system or from Minion other

discs we've seen so far why is there such an unusual dust cloud why are there so many unusual misaligned discs and what's causing all this extreme activity so there's potentially a lot of collisions here and a lot of Destruction but it's not clear where the planets are but because these discs are misaligned there's a chance that there are planets hiding somewhere inside we just can't see

them yet nevertheless even compared to the solar system this is really extreme for example the asteroid belt in a solar system scratches for about one and a half astronomical units whereas informal hole it stretches for about 73 Au up to about 80 Au away from the Star and that's about 10 times larger than predicted or expected on top of this it seems to have another intermediate

asteroid belt between the inner and outer discs but this one with a toad of 23 degrees currently the stilt is unexplained but most likely caused by something really massive in orbit around the star at the same time the scientists recently discovered another one of these unusual Q huge debris clouds that previously was mistaken for a planet and this one seems to be 10 times bigger compared

to the one from back in 2004 which obviously suggests that these collisions or whatever is happening here seems to be kind of common what exactly is happening here only in time Hotel more studies more investigations more observations with the gym soil but these unusual strange discs and even unexplained discs are probably really common here's actually another one from a different study that was just released an

unusual disc has surprised the scientists when they realized it seems to produce unusual shadows in various rings around the system now this one is a little bit farther away it's about 200 light years away from us but even at this distance the scientists are able to observe various effects happening on the surface of the disk and here we actually basically just got lucky because it's sort

of facing us so we can see everything really well and so at first it doesn't look too strange or too unusual and potentially contains two different planets based on the observations of gaps maybe even three but what surprised the scientists were these Shadows that started to appear back in 2015 and 2016 and it wasn't really clear at first what's happening here until the scientists modeled this

and realized it probably resembles something like this there is some kind of a gravitational interaction between these disks and possible planetary objects that are warping these disks so much that they end up having inclination and produce Shadows on each other's surfaces but if that's the case and if all of this is caused by planets it's sort of unclear right now why these planets are in such

unusual inclinations and why they seem to orbit in a very different way from everything else in the star system and according to the scientists think that there's maybe some kind of a jupiter-like planet or between every 15 years possibly responsible for at least some of these formations but why this unusual planet has these effects or how it came to be is currently unknown although this is

not the first time the scientists have seen unusual Shadows or unusual misaligned discs but is definitely one of the strangest ones out there there's another video on the channel somewhere in the description that talks about another one that seemed to have several disks would complete little bit different inclination so it does seem to be sort of common so they do seem to exist out there it's

just uncertain why it's extremely unlikely that anything like this happen in a solar system and so exactly what makes this unusual star TW Hydra so unusual is not really a question we can answer just yet but studying these discs and understanding how these planets form is super important in order to understand how to rational transform and how one day some of these Stars could produce planets

like Earth but until future discoveries especially the ones from the jeans web they can generally see these discs really well that's pretty much all I wanted to mention check out all the relevant links in the description below and also some additional videos about this topic as well thank you for watching subscribe share this with someone who loves learning about space and Sciences come back tomorrow to

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