Discovery of Stars Moving at 3000km/s Across the Milky Way

whole wonderful person this is Anton and today we're going to be discussing some of the recent discoveries in regards to some of the most extreme stars in the Milky Way galaxy the Stars referred to as hyper velocity stars and the fastest moving stars discovered in the Milky Way so far Stars whose velocities are so high that they're actually going to be escaping the Milky Way as

they're traveling across the Galaxy and this recent paper that you can find in the description below even discovered a new record holder basically a star that's moving across the nice guys at nearly 3 000 kilometers per second and so let's talk a little bit more about this concept talk about these new discoveries but also discuss the unusual origin of some of these Stars discussed in this

recent paper but first I guess let's discuss the overall concept of the star velocities across the Galaxy and how some Stars acquire High velocities so on average most stars moving across the Galaxy usually have a velocity of under 300 kilometers per second for example the solar system and obviously planet earth move around the Galaxy at just over 230 kilometers per second which is a typical speed

for a typical Star located in the galactic disc obviously in some locations like Global clusters the velocity is going to be a little bit different because here objects orbit in a much more compact way and in some cases based on various Supernova and various molecular clouds you also get what stone is Runaway Stars which are basically stars that are located near some kind of a supernova

and basically get kicked out from the system as the Supernova occurs this is kind of common around here is nebula and the iconic Barnard's Loop located in the Orion belt is actually believed to be one of these ancient Supernova that might have produced a few runaway Stars here's another example from the Orion Nebula of what's known as the bow shock produced by a fast moving Star

as it travels through the nebular cloud but on the extreme side of the spectrum we also have stars that move really really fast these are known as Hyper velocity stars with allow is exceeding the orbital velocity in a typical Galaxy and that means that these Stars will usually have velocities over 1000 kilometers per second although just to escape the Milky Way galaxy you only have to

travel at approximately 550 kilometers per second but in this case these Stars will often travel at least a double speed and so because of this it's of course assumed that these stars are going to escape the Galaxy or it's actually even been previously assumed that some of them might be coming from other galaxies out there in other words these are basically just visitors from other galaxies

where these Stars acquired very high velocities now the first such star whose name you see right here and that's often referred to as the outcast star was originally discovered back in 2005 but as soon as the scientists realize these Stars exist pretty quickly they started to find more as new techniques became available and as telescopes improved as well now previously just to measure the velocity of

the star the scientists would basically have to look at the star and its motion across the nice guys for several years here's an example of the nearby Barnard star and here the observations lasted for just over 20 years obviously doing this for every Star out there would be kind of Impractical but with advances in technology and new telescopes these Stellar kinematics or Advanced measurements of star

motion actually became relatively simple and today we have a telescope that's extremely good at that able to do so automatically pretty much 24 7 and has been doing so for many years the iconic Aces Gaia telescope and in the past it's already discovered a lot of incredible things that would be otherwise invisible to us or would take forever to find but by analyzing the data from

just the last few years the scientists were able to find various anomalies where the stars were just moving a little bit too fast naturally suggesting that they were hyper velocity stars and so for example just two years ago the scientists behind this paper have already identified nearly 600 High Velocity stars with 43 from to be hyper velocity stars with a total number of these stars discovered

going from like 20 to now almost 100 but even in these numbers these are still relatively rare objects considering the fact that there are billions and billions of stars in the entire galaxy but the obvious question that the scientists always had about these unusual stars is what exactly makes them move so fast is it always the Supernova or is it something entirely different now one of

the first such stars discovered us-708 is believed to have been one of the first stories confirmed to be a result of ovarian Euro Supernova that we're going to discuss in a few seconds but over time the scientists realized that this seems to be kind of rare the majority of these Stars actually very likely are produced by entirely different means and it's now believed that most of

them very likely come from various binary systems that had some kind of an encounter with a supermassive black hole possibly in the center of the Galaxy where one of the Stars basically gets swoled the other one escapes and because this is is something we expect to happen in the world of galaxies out there it's not surprising that many of these different Stars travel across the entire

per second it's the object right here sometimes referred to as the cosmic Cannonball but these are also believed to be somewhat rare and require extremely specific conditions and because these are neutron stars they contain more mass and thus require a lot more energy to propel them to very high velocities but smaller Stars technically can actually travel much faster and so the scientists wanted to figure out

if Dura maybe for example white dwarfs or even smaller stars that could be traveling even faster and so in the most recent paper with a simple title the fastest stars in the galaxy one of the main ideas was to actually discover these super fast stars and will probably create it as a result of a very specific Supernova in type 1A Supernova which usually happens when a

wide dwarf explodes but involving a partner that was orbiting very close to this white dwarf and the way that this mechanism very likely works is very similar to how atypical Nova works we have a wide dwarf and some kind of a different star that serves as a donor for the white dwarf collect in all the mass although in this case the scientists believe that it's probably

two white dwarfs with one of the White Horse being the donor at some point that more massive wyldorf collects just enough Mass to reach the Chandra Circle limit of approximately 1.4 silver masses at which point according to Modern physics the white dwarf collapses and explodes but in this case this explosion seems to be very unique the scientists refer to this as D6 Supernova dynamically driven double

degenerate double detonation and the reason is different is because it's not actually collecting hydrogen from a larger star instead it seems to collect helium depositing the helium on a surface and at some point that helium layer becomes so thick and so dense that it reaches conditions where helium fuses into carbon but does so vary violently now in a normal white dwarf binary system this is when

we get phenomena known as Nova these generally happen all the time and we see them from everywhere and these are actually very well understood but in some rare cases when a helium layer is just thick enough it can trigger a secondary detonation of the core of the white dwarf itself basically completely Illuminating the star and creating this massive explosion right next to the other white Wharf

and that kick is enough to suddenly give this much more White worth a huge amount of velocity producing some of the fastest moving stars across the Galaxy but this is a really rare event and so what decisions of trying to figure out was essentially how rare can we actually find more of these by searching through Gaia survey or how we basically found most of them animal

turns out that they found six more runaway Stars with two stars breaking new records in terms of velocity and so even though the previous record holder had a velocity of 2200 kilometers per second the new star j0927 is moving at a velocity of 2753 kilometers per second would the second record holder having a velocity of 2670 kilometers per second or roughly around 500 kilometers per second

more than the previous record holder but I guess interesting enough it is really only about 15 of these Stars known across the entire galaxy created by this unreal Supernova event all other stars are very likely produced by the interaction with massive black holes but the Supernova do create the fastest moving stars so this is actually a pretty interesting Discovery nevertheless here the scientists are pretty convinced

that this is just the beginning and there are very likely a lot of dimmer stars that are still missing and are still hiding especially stars with even less mass and thus less Luminosity also statistically the scientists believe that our galaxy itself has already launched at least 10 million of these stars in the last 12 billion years and if the same number came from all the galaxies

we kind of expect a lot of them to pass through the Milky Way even right now and because of these statistical analysis the scientists strongly believe that there are quite a few of these Stars even very close to us within sword neighborhood but because of their dimness they're just very difficult to find but obviously discovering them would be really exciting because these would be visitors from

very distant galaxies providing opportunities to study mobile cover composition of galaxies really far away and so it's quite likely that these are just the first discoveries coming from the Gaia catalog and we're probably going to find more in the next few years but before we finish the video I also wanted to quickly clarify that these are not the ultimate fastest stars in the galaxy because obviously

the fastest fastest stars are right next to the central black hole some of these stars move at velocities close to 20 000 kilometers per second but you only have these velocities when they're basically extreme really close to the black hole itself you can learn more about these stars in one of the videos in the description but when it comes to the overall fastest Stars just moving

across the Galaxy the stars in this paper are currently the fastest we have and so following this discovery it's quite likely that the new discovery is going to be in regards to fainter objects that were either previously missed by surveys or were actually just invisible to us until relatively recently because of the advances in telescope technology and so at some point I'm sure in the next

few years we're going to have a discovery of a star that's moving over 3000 kilometers per second or maybe even faster and so until these visual discoveries that's pretty much it thank you for watching subscribe check out previous videos on similar Topics in the description below share this with someone who has learned about space and Sciences come back to more to learn something else and maybe

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