Astronomers Discovery Extremely Warped Supernova

[Music] this is the story of how we discovered one of the smallest and rarest objects in the night sky using the telescope with the largest field of view the telescope in question is this Wiki transient facility its purpose to scan the sky and search for newly appearing light sources on August the 4th 2022 it made an extraordinary Discovery a gravitationally lensed supernova Hereafter names supernova's Wiki

from the falls at the Airfield a few let's zoom in on the quadrants containing supernova's Wiki to take a closer look we transitioned to an image captured by the very large telescope in Chile finally we zoom in even further with observations from the powerful Keck telescope or Mauna Kea in Hawaii and what do we find four dots corresponding to four magnified images of supernova's Wiki supernovae

are exploding stars that we observe routinely in the universe but supernova's Wiki is a very peculiar case foreign dots of supernova's Wiki are created by a remarkable phenomenon called gravitational lensing when we observe a distant object such as a supernova explosion a Galaxy can be positioned between us and the Supernova and acts as a gravitational lens massive galaxies are able to bend and magnify light rays

from the Supernova causing the lights to travel in multiple paths around the lens Galaxy as a result we can see multiple images of the same events that's precisely what happened with supernova's Wiki instead of witnessing the Supernova explosion once we observed it four times supernova's Wiki belongs to a special class of supernovae called type 1A supernovae these Stellar explosions always occur in a similar way giving

them a similar brightness are an important tool for measuring Cosmic distances the fainted they appear the further away there must be that's why we call them standard candles but super nervous Vicky didn't look like other type 1A supernovy it was much brighter and further away let's sketch a picture of how far away supernova's Wiki is from us does Wiki transient facility or is that CF can

usually discover its type 1A supernovae up to distances of around 1.3 billion light years which astronomers refer to as a redshift of 0.1 ztf has found thousands of such objects but it had never seen a type 1A Supernova so far away as supernova's Wiki gravitational lensing made us incredible Discovery possible the lens Galaxy acted as a cosmic magnifying glass and made supernova's Wiki 25 times as

bright that's how we can observe it at a distance of almost 4 billion light years or a redshift of 0.35 while zcf allowed us to discover supernova's Wiki because of its anomalous brightness it was not powerful enough to resolve the four separate images supernova's Wiki just appeared as adults we then turn to larger observatories such as the very large telescope in Chile to learn more about

the supernova and it was only when we observed supernova's Wiki with the Keck telescope in Hawaii equipped with Adaptive Optics technology that we could see the four separate images Adaptive Optics corrects atmospheric distortions using a laser providing us with an exceptionally sharp view from Earth supernova's Vicky was also observed from space with the Hubble Space Telescope and observations of civics Afterglow the nebular phase are scheduled

with the newly launched jwst so what did we learn about supernova's Wiki through all these observations the images formed by gravitational lensing generally don'ts all appear at the same time because the light rays travel along different parts for supernovas Vicky however we saw that the four Images appeared almost simultaneously even though the light from all of them traveled 4 billion years in different trajectories around the

lens Galaxy the difference in arrival time at Earth was less than a day we also learned that the supernova's wiki system is extremely compact with image separations of around 0.15 Arc seconds or it's entered a minus 5 degrees it's one of the smallest lens systems ever found seeing supernova's Wiki from Earth is comparable to reading a newspaper from a distance of 10 kilometers away we measure

the Stellar mass of the lens Galaxy to be around 12 billion solar masses quite light for a Galaxy that acts as a gravitational lens furthermore our lens models indicate that the brightest images ANC should have actually been the faintest suggesting the presence of additional lensing effects from stars substructures or dark matter in the lens Galaxy compared to other known lens galaxies the Galaxy that lensed supernova's

Wiki turns out to be a special one it's much smaller and lighter than any lens galaxies we've encountered so far this diagram shows the masses and angular sizes of known lens galaxies and it shows that supernova's Wiki is an outlier there's one other known Supernova lensed by a single Galaxy 6 in geu and when we add 16g EU to the diagram we see that these lens

standard candles allow us to uncover a new population of light and small lens galaxies so what's next with the advance of the next generation of telescopes like the Vera ribbon observatory in Chile and the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope we anticipate discovering hundreds more of these rare gravitationally lensed supernovae this will provide us with insights into the expansion rate of the universe the distribution of dark

matter in lens galaxies and the nature of distant Supernova explosions bright times lay ahead [Music] thank you